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Spanish Verb Book Essay, Research Paper
Present Tense
The following section will be the present you are implying that the action is occurring at the present time. For example: Joseph reads the book. The “reads” in the sentence shows that Joseph is in the process of reading the book.
Regular AR Infinitives
acabar (de) to come after
acompa?ar to accompany
admirar to admire
ayudar to help
bailar to dance
bajar to go down
brillar to shine
buscar to look for
caminar to walk
cantar to sing
cenar to have supper
chupar to suck
cocinar to cook
colabarar to collaborate
coleccionar to collect
comenzar to start
comprar to buy
conservar to conserve
contestar to answer
dar to give
dejar to leave
descansar to rest
dibujar to draw
doblar to turn
ense?ar to teach
entrar to enter
escuchar to listen
esquiar to ski
estudiar to study
evitar to avoid
explicar to explain
fascinar to fascinate
formar to farm
ganar to win
gustar to like
hablar to speak
interesar to interest
lavar to wash
limpiar to clean
llegar to arrive
llevar to take
mirar to look at
neccisitar to need
observar to observe
olividar to forget
pagar to pay for
participar to participate
pasar to spend time
patinar to skate
pesear to wish
practicar to practice
preguntar to ask
preparar to prepare
prestar to lend
programar to program
quedar to be located
regresar to spend money
renunciar to renounce
respetar to respect
sacar to take out
tomar to take
trabajar to work
viajar to travel
visitar to visit
Canta muy bien. She sings very well.
Hablo espa?ol, I speak Spansh.
?Poder ayundo tu? Can I help you?
?Te viajar? Do you travel?
viajar – to travel cantar – to sing ayudar – to help hablar – to speak
viajo viajamos canto cantamos ayudo ayudamos hablo hablamos
viajas — cantas — ayudas — hablas —
viaja viajan canta cantan ayuda ayudan habla habla hablan
Regular AR’s are the most common of all verbs, to use them, remove the “ar” ending and insert the appropriate ending on the chart: o for “i ___”, as for “you ___”, a for “he/she ___”, amos for “we ___”, an for “they ___”. You can also use the following chart for the respective endings.
Singlar Plural
o amos 1st Person
as — 2nd Person
a an 3rd Person
Irregular AR’s
dar to give
estar to be
Da el perro Mike. He gives the dog to Mike.
Yo quiero a estar un abogado. I want to be a lawyer o for singular
Ella est? mi amiga. She is my friend.
Yo doy t? este carro. I give you this car.
estar – to be dar – to give
estoy estamos doy damos
estas — das —
esta estan da dan
Irregular AR’s truly have no rule, to use them you must learn the specific way each is conjugated. See the conjugations above.
AR Stem-Changers (e – ie)
cerrar to close
empezar to begin
nevar to show
pensar to think (about)
recomendar to reccomend
Pieso el dinero. I am thinking about the money.
Cierra el libro. He closes the book.
Ellos empiezan a leer. They begin to read.
Yo recomiendo el pollo. I recommend the chicken.
pensar – to think cerrar – to close nevar – to show empezar – to begin
pieso pensamos cierro cerramos nievo nevamos empiezo empezamos
piesas — cierras — nievas — empiezas —
piesa piensan cierra cierran nieva nievan empieza empiezan
The AR stem-changers (e – ie) are a type of verb. To conjugate them you simply change the last e in the stem (which means all the parts of the verb but the “ar” ending) to an ie, then you remove the “ar” ending and add the appropriate ending. However there is one exception, in first person plural you do not change the e to an ie, you leave the stem as it is before changing. You can follow the rule below.
Singlar Plural
(e – ie) o (e – e) amos 1st Person
(e – ie) as — — 2nd Person
(e – ie) a (e – ie) an 3rd Person
AR Stem-Changers (o – ue)
almorzar to have lunch
costar to cost
encontrar to find
recordar to remember
volar to show
jugar* to play
* jugar is a unique verb, it is treated as the o – ue verbs are, but with a u – ue.
Muestras mi tu trabajar. Show me your work.
Cuesta muchos dinero. It costs much money.
Juego el partido. I play the game.
Encuentran un amigo. They find a friend.
mostrar – to show costar – to cost volar – to show jugar* – to play
muestro mostramos cuesto costamos vuelo volamos juego jugamos
muestras — cuestas — vuelas — juegas —
muestra muestran cuesta cuestan vuela vuelan juega juegan
The AR stem-changers (o – ue) are a type of verb. To conjugate them you simply change the last o in the stem (which means all the parts of the verb but the “ar” ending) to an ue, then you remove the “ar” ending and add the appropriate ending. However there is one exception, in first person plural you do not change the o to a ue, you leave the stem as it is before changing. You can follow the rule below.
Singlar Plural
(o – ue) o (o – o) amos 1st Person
(o – ue) as — — 2nd Person
(o – ue) a (o – ue) an 3rd Person
Reflexive AR’s
acercarse to approach
acostarse to go to bed
afeitarse to shave
callarse to be quiet
cepillarse to brush
darse cuenta to realize
darse la mano to shake hands
dedicarse to devote oneself to
desayunarse to eat breakfast
despertarse to wake up
encargarse to take charge
lastimarse to hurt oneself
lavarse to wash oneself
levantarse to get up
llamarse to be named
maquillarse to put on makeup
pienarse to comb
preparse to prepare oneself
quedarse to stay
quejarse to complain
refrescarse to cool off
sentarse to to sit down
servirse to prepare for oneself
Yo me lavo las manos. I wash my hands
Yo me cepillarse los dientas. I brush my teeth.
Ellas se miran. They look at each other.
Yo me lavo. I wash myself.
lavarse – to wash (oneself) prepararse – to prepare (oneself)
me lavo nos lavamos me preparo nos preparamos
te lavas — te preparas —
se lava se lavan se prepara se preparamos
levantarse – to get up afeitarse – to shave
me levanto nos levantamos me afeito nos afeitamos
te levantas — te afeitas —
se levanta se levantan se afeita se afeitan
Reflexive verbs reflect the action of the subject back to the subject. For example a person brushes his hair, or a person shaves himself. These reflexive verbs are conjugated the same way as their non-reflexive counterparts except that to show that the action reflects you must place me, te, se, nos, or se depending upon who is the action is being done to. Reflexive verbs can also be used to express an action in which two or more people do the action to each other, for example, Ellas se miran, or they look at each other.
Regular ER Infinitives
aprender to learn
beber to drink
comer to eat
comprender to understand
correr to run
creer to think
deber to have to
leer to read
prometer to promise
responder to answer
vender to sell
comer – to eat vender – to sell
como momemos vendo vendemos
comes — vendes —
come comen vende venden
leer – to read aprender – to learn
leo lemos aprendo aprendemos
lees — aprendes —
Me gusta nadar. I like to swim.
El lee. He is reading.
Yo debo ir. I have to go.
Janet corre. Janet runs.
Regular ER’s are very common verbs, to use them, remove the “er” ending and insert the appropriate ending on the chart: o for “i ___”, es for “you ___”, e for “he/she ___”, emos for “we ___”, en for “they ___”. You can also use the following chart for the respective endings.
Singlar Plural
o emos 1st Person
es — 2nd Person
e en 3rd Person
Irregular ER’s (oddballs)
ser to be
tener to have
Soy inteligente. I am Intelligent.
Tu eres estupido. You are stupid.
Yo tengo un libro. I have a book.
Ellos tienen dinero. They have some money.
ser – to be tener – to have
soy somos tengo tenemos
eres — tienes —
es son tiene tienen
Irregular ER’s (oddballs) really have no pattern at all, each one is different. And each one you must learn on your own.
Irregular ER’s (First Person)
conocer to know
desaparecer to disappear
hacer to do, make
parecer to seem
poner to put, place, set
saber to know
traer to bring
ver to see
Yo conozco esa. I know that.
Pones la mesa. Set the table.
Lo veo. I see it.
Nosotros traemos dinero. We bring money.
conocer – to know hacer – to do, make
conozco conocemos hago hacemos
conoces — haces —
conoce conocen hace hacen
poner – to put, place, set saber – to know
pongo ponemos s? sabemos
pones — sabes —
pone ponen sabe saben
traer – to bring ver – to see
traigo traemos veo vemos
traes — ves —
trae traen ve ven
Irregular ER’s (First Person) follow the same rule regular “er”s except that the first person singular is changed. You must find the way that each is changed.
ER Stem Changers (e – ie)
perder to lose
entender to understand
querer to want
encender to turn on, light up
defender to defend
Yo pierdo mi cabeza. I am losing my head.
El pierde el partido. He is losing the game.
Entiendo el mathematico. I understand the math.
El entiende la palabra. He understands the word.
perder – to lose entender – to understand
pierdo perdemos entiendo entendemos
pierdes — entiendes —
pierde pierden entiende entienden
querer – to want encender – to turn on, light up
quiero queremos enciendo encendemos
quieres — enciendes —
quiere quieren enciende encienden
The ER stem-changers (e – ie) are a type of verb. To conjugate them you simply change the last e in the stem (which means all the parts of the verb but the “er” ending) to an ie, then you remove the “er” ending and add the appropriate ending. However there is one exception, in first person plural you do not change the e to an ie, you leave the stem as it is before changing. You can follow the rule below.
Singlar Plural
(e – ie) o (e – e) emos 1st Person
(e – ie) es — — 2nd Person
(e – ie) e (e – ie) en 3rd Person
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